| Date | 1879 |
| Author | Afanasiev |
| Contribution | Suggested that malaria is caused by black pigment seen in the tissues of victims, perhaps of protozoal origin. |
| Reference | Bruce-Chwatt |
| Notes | See earlier observation of Meckel. Bruce-Chwatt and de Zulueta (Oxford Univ. Press, 1980) cite Zasuhin 1951, to effect that Afanasiev suspected that pigment came from a parasitic protozoon. Garrison refers in another context to M. Afanassyeff. |
| Category | Causation |
| Pathogen Class | Protozoa |
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